1146 - European leaders outlaw crossbow, intending to end war for all time. That worked really well.
1363 - Beginning of the Battle of Lake Poyang; two Chinese rebel leaders Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang are pitted against each other in what was one of the largest naval battles in history during Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty.
1590 - Tokugawa Ieyasu enters Edo Castle.
1645 - American Indians and the Dutch made a peace treaty at New Amsterdam. New Amsterdam later became known as New York.
1682 - William Penn sailed from England and later established the colony of Pennsylvania in America.
1780 - General Benedict Arnold secretly promised to surrender the West Point fort to the British army. Asshat!
1862 - The Confederates defeated Union forces at the second Battle of Bull Run in Manassas, VA.
1941 - During World War II, the Nazis severed the last railroad link between Leningrad and the rest of the Soviet Union.
1945 - General Douglas MacArthur set up Allied occupation headquarters in Japan.
1960 - A partial blockade was imposed on West Berlin by East Germany.
1963 - The "Hotline" between Moscow and Washington, DC, went into operation.
1965 - Thurgood Marshall was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as a Supreme Court justice. Marshall was the first black justice to sit on the Supreme Court.