118 - Hadrian, Rome's new emperor, made his entry into the city.
455 - Avitus, the Roman military commander in Gaul, became Emperor of the West.
1401 - Turko-Mongol ruler Tamerlane (Timur) destroys Baghdad, killing 20,000.
1540 - England's King Henry VIII had his 6-month-old marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves, annulled.
1755 - General Edward Braddock was mortally wounded when French and Indian troops ambushed his force of British regulars and colonial militia. He died on July 13.
1789 - In Versailles, the French National Assembly declared itself the Constituent Assembly and began to prepare a French constitution.
1790 - Russo-Swedish War: Second Battle of Svensksund - in the Baltic Sea, the Swedish Navy captures one third of the Russian fleet.
1816 - Argentina declared independence from Spain.
1868 - The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified. The amendment was designed to grant citizenship to and protect the civil liberties of recently freed slaves. It did this by prohibiting states from denying or abridging the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, depriving any person of his life, liberty, or property without due process of law, or denying to any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
1877 - Alexander Graham Bell, Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Thomas Sanders and Thomas Watson formed the Bell Telephone Company.
1900 - The Commonwealth of Australia was established by an act of the British Parliament, uniting the separate colonies under a federal government.
1917 - British battleship HMS Vanguard explodes at Scapa Flow (the result of an internal explosion of faulty cordite), killing 804.
1943 - American and British forces made an amphibious landing on Sicily.
1951 - U.S. President Truman asked Congress to formally end the state of war between the United States and Germany.
1971 - The United States turned over complete responsibility of the Demilitarized Zone to South Vietnamese units.
1971 - Henry Kissinger visits the People's Republic of China to negotiate a detente between the US and China.
Today in History!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Re: Today in History!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1609 - The Catholic states in Germany set up a league under the leadership of Maximillian of Bavaria.
1679 - The British crown claimed New Hampshire as a royal colony.
1776 - The statue of King George III was pulled down in New York City. The statue of George III which was made of gilded lead was not stolen but was melted down and dutifully returned to the British forces in the form of musket balls.
1778 - American Revolution: Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain.
1821 - U.S. troops took possession of Florida. The territory was sold by Spain.
1832 - U.S. President Andrew Jackson vetoed legislation to re-charter the Second Bank of the United States.
1890 - Wyoming became the 44th state to join the United States.
1900 - ‘His Master’s Voice’, was registered with the U.S. Patent Office. The logo of the Victor Recording Company, and later, RCA Victor, shows the dog, Nipper, looking into the horn of a gramophone machine.
1910 - W.R. Brookins became the first to fly an airplane at an altitude of one mile.
1913 - The highest temperature ever recorded in the U.S. was 134 degrees in Death Valley, CA.
1919 - The Treaty of Versailles was hand delivered to the U.S. Senate by President Wilson.
1925 - The official news agency of the Soviet Union, TASS, was established.
1938 - Howard Hughes completed a 91 hour flight around the world.
1940 - Battle of Britain begins as Nazi forces attack shipping convoys in the English Channel.
1949 - The first practical rectangular television was presented. The picture tube measured 12 by 16 and sold for $12.
1953 - American forces withdraw from Pork Chop Hill in Korea after heavy fighting.
1962 - The Telstar Communications satellite was launched. The satellite relayed TV and telephone signals between Europe and the U.S.
1973 - Britain granted the Bahamas their independence after three centuries of British colonial rule.
1985 - French foreign intelligence agents blow up the Greenpeace boat Rainbow Warrior in Auckland harbor, New Zealand to prevent it interfering with French nuclear tests in the South Pacific. Dutch photographer Fernando Pereira is killed.
1991 - U.S. President Bush lifted economic sanctions against South Africa, citing its "profound transformation" toward racial equality.
1997 - Scientists in London said DNA from a Neanderthal skeleton supported a theory that all humanity descended from an "African Eve" 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
1679 - The British crown claimed New Hampshire as a royal colony.
1776 - The statue of King George III was pulled down in New York City. The statue of George III which was made of gilded lead was not stolen but was melted down and dutifully returned to the British forces in the form of musket balls.
1778 - American Revolution: Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain.
1821 - U.S. troops took possession of Florida. The territory was sold by Spain.
1832 - U.S. President Andrew Jackson vetoed legislation to re-charter the Second Bank of the United States.
1890 - Wyoming became the 44th state to join the United States.
1900 - ‘His Master’s Voice’, was registered with the U.S. Patent Office. The logo of the Victor Recording Company, and later, RCA Victor, shows the dog, Nipper, looking into the horn of a gramophone machine.
1910 - W.R. Brookins became the first to fly an airplane at an altitude of one mile.
1913 - The highest temperature ever recorded in the U.S. was 134 degrees in Death Valley, CA.
1919 - The Treaty of Versailles was hand delivered to the U.S. Senate by President Wilson.
1925 - The official news agency of the Soviet Union, TASS, was established.
1938 - Howard Hughes completed a 91 hour flight around the world.
1940 - Battle of Britain begins as Nazi forces attack shipping convoys in the English Channel.
1949 - The first practical rectangular television was presented. The picture tube measured 12 by 16 and sold for $12.
1953 - American forces withdraw from Pork Chop Hill in Korea after heavy fighting.
1962 - The Telstar Communications satellite was launched. The satellite relayed TV and telephone signals between Europe and the U.S.
1973 - Britain granted the Bahamas their independence after three centuries of British colonial rule.
1985 - French foreign intelligence agents blow up the Greenpeace boat Rainbow Warrior in Auckland harbor, New Zealand to prevent it interfering with French nuclear tests in the South Pacific. Dutch photographer Fernando Pereira is killed.
1991 - U.S. President Bush lifted economic sanctions against South Africa, citing its "profound transformation" toward racial equality.
1997 - Scientists in London said DNA from a Neanderthal skeleton supported a theory that all humanity descended from an "African Eve" 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
Re: Today in History!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
NOTE: This is history for 11 July
1346 - Charles IV of Luxembourg was elected Holy Roman Emperor in Germany.
1405 - Chinese fleet Admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time. This famous explorer and seafarer held the title of "Eunuch". It is a matter of debate as to whether the title was descriptive or simply honorary. I hope for the admiral's sake that it was honorary.
1533 - Henry VIII, who divorced his wife and became head of the church of England, was excommunicated from the Catholic Church by Pope Clement VII.
1742 - A papal decree was issued condemning the disciplining actions of the Jesuits in China which were thought to be particularly cruel and not in keeping with Church doctrine.
1798 - The U.S. Marine Corps was formally re-established by "An Act for Establishing a Marine Corps" passed by the U.S. Congress. The act also created the U.S. Marine Band. The Marines were first commissioned by the Continental Congress on November 10, 1775.
1804 - The United States' first secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton, was killed by Vice President Aaron Burr in a duel.
1864 - In the U.S., Confederate forces led by Gen. Jubal Early began an invasion of Washington, DC. They turned back the next day.
1877 - Kate Edger becomes New Zealand’s first woman graduate and first woman in the British Empire to earn a Bachelor of Arts.
1918 - Enrico Caruso recorded "Over There" written by George M. Cohan.
1934 - U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt became the first American chief executive to travel through the Panama Canal while in office.
1955 - The U.S. Air Force Academy was dedicated in Colorado at Lowry Air Base.
1972 - U.S. forces broke the 95-day siege at An Loc in Vietnam.
1977 - The Medal of Freedom was awarded posthumously to Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. in a White House ceremony.
1979 - The abandoned U.S. space station Skylab returned to Earth. It burned up in the atmosphere and showered debris over the Indian Ocean and Australia.
1995 - Full diplomatic relations were established between the United States and Vietnam.
1998 - U.S. Air Force Lt. Michael Blassie, a casualty of the Vietnam War, was laid to rest near his Missouri home. He had been positively identified from his remains that had been enshrined in the Tomb of the Unknowns in Arlington, VA.
1346 - Charles IV of Luxembourg was elected Holy Roman Emperor in Germany.
1405 - Chinese fleet Admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time. This famous explorer and seafarer held the title of "Eunuch". It is a matter of debate as to whether the title was descriptive or simply honorary. I hope for the admiral's sake that it was honorary.
1533 - Henry VIII, who divorced his wife and became head of the church of England, was excommunicated from the Catholic Church by Pope Clement VII.
1742 - A papal decree was issued condemning the disciplining actions of the Jesuits in China which were thought to be particularly cruel and not in keeping with Church doctrine.
1798 - The U.S. Marine Corps was formally re-established by "An Act for Establishing a Marine Corps" passed by the U.S. Congress. The act also created the U.S. Marine Band. The Marines were first commissioned by the Continental Congress on November 10, 1775.
1804 - The United States' first secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton, was killed by Vice President Aaron Burr in a duel.
1864 - In the U.S., Confederate forces led by Gen. Jubal Early began an invasion of Washington, DC. They turned back the next day.
1877 - Kate Edger becomes New Zealand’s first woman graduate and first woman in the British Empire to earn a Bachelor of Arts.
1918 - Enrico Caruso recorded "Over There" written by George M. Cohan.
1934 - U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt became the first American chief executive to travel through the Panama Canal while in office.
1955 - The U.S. Air Force Academy was dedicated in Colorado at Lowry Air Base.
1972 - U.S. forces broke the 95-day siege at An Loc in Vietnam.
1977 - The Medal of Freedom was awarded posthumously to Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. in a White House ceremony.
1979 - The abandoned U.S. space station Skylab returned to Earth. It burned up in the atmosphere and showered debris over the Indian Ocean and Australia.
1995 - Full diplomatic relations were established between the United States and Vietnam.
1998 - U.S. Air Force Lt. Michael Blassie, a casualty of the Vietnam War, was laid to rest near his Missouri home. He had been positively identified from his remains that had been enshrined in the Tomb of the Unknowns in Arlington, VA.
Re: Today in History!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
NOTE: This is history for 12 July
1096 - Crusaders under Peter the Hermit reached Sofia, Bulgaria. There they met their Byzantine escort, which brought them safely the rest of the way to Constantinople. by August 1.
1543 - England's King Henry VIII married his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr.
1679 - Britain's King Charles II ratifies Habeas Corpus Act allowing prisoners the right to be examined by a court.
1690 - Protestant forces led by William of Orange defeated the Roman Catholic army of James II.
1691 - William III defeated the allied Irish and French armies at the Battle of Aughrim, Ireland.
1862 - The U.S. Congress authorized the Medal of Honor.
1863 - In New Zealand, British forces invade Waikato, home of the Maori King Movement, beginning a new phase of the wars between Maori and Colonial British.
1864 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln witnessed the battle where Union forces repelled Jubal Early's army on the outskirts of Washington DC.
1870 - The first rotary can opener with a cutting wheel was patented by William W. Lyman.
1933 - A minimum wage of 40 cents an hour was established in the U.S.
1941 - Moscow was bombed by the German Luftwaffe for the first time.
1943 - World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka - Russians defeat German forces in one of the largest ever tank battles.
1954 - U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower proposed a highway modernization program, with costs to be shared by federal and state governments.
1957 - The U.S. surgeon general, Leroy E. Burney, reported that there was a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
1974 - John Ehrlichman, a former aide to U.S. President Nixon, and three others were convicted of conspiring to violate the civil rights of Daniel Ellsberg's former psychiatrist.
1984 - Democratic presidential candidate Walter F. Mondale named U.S. Rep. Geraldine A. Ferraro of New York to be his running mate. Ferraro was the first woman to run for vice president on a major party ticket.
2000 - Russia launched the Zvezda after two years of delays. The module was built to be the living quarters for the International Space Station (ISS.)
1096 - Crusaders under Peter the Hermit reached Sofia, Bulgaria. There they met their Byzantine escort, which brought them safely the rest of the way to Constantinople. by August 1.
1543 - England's King Henry VIII married his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr.
1679 - Britain's King Charles II ratifies Habeas Corpus Act allowing prisoners the right to be examined by a court.
1690 - Protestant forces led by William of Orange defeated the Roman Catholic army of James II.
1691 - William III defeated the allied Irish and French armies at the Battle of Aughrim, Ireland.
1862 - The U.S. Congress authorized the Medal of Honor.
1863 - In New Zealand, British forces invade Waikato, home of the Maori King Movement, beginning a new phase of the wars between Maori and Colonial British.
1864 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln witnessed the battle where Union forces repelled Jubal Early's army on the outskirts of Washington DC.
1870 - The first rotary can opener with a cutting wheel was patented by William W. Lyman.
1933 - A minimum wage of 40 cents an hour was established in the U.S.
1941 - Moscow was bombed by the German Luftwaffe for the first time.
1943 - World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka - Russians defeat German forces in one of the largest ever tank battles.
1954 - U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower proposed a highway modernization program, with costs to be shared by federal and state governments.
1957 - The U.S. surgeon general, Leroy E. Burney, reported that there was a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
1974 - John Ehrlichman, a former aide to U.S. President Nixon, and three others were convicted of conspiring to violate the civil rights of Daniel Ellsberg's former psychiatrist.
1984 - Democratic presidential candidate Walter F. Mondale named U.S. Rep. Geraldine A. Ferraro of New York to be his running mate. Ferraro was the first woman to run for vice president on a major party ticket.
2000 - Russia launched the Zvezda after two years of delays. The module was built to be the living quarters for the International Space Station (ISS.)
Re: Today in History!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1099 - The Crusaders launched their final assault on Muslims in Jerusalem.
1534 - The Ottoman armies captured Tabriz in northwestern Persia.
1585 - A group of 108 English colonists, led by Sir Richard Grenville, reached Roanoke Island in what is now North Carolina. The eventual fate of this colony and its settlers is one of the most enduring mysteries in American history.
1643 - In England, the Roundheads, led by Sir William Waller, were defeated by royalist troops under Lord Wilmot in the Battle of Roundway Down.
1754 - At the beginning of the French and Indian War, George Washington surrendered the small, circular Fort Necessity in southwestern Pennsylvania to the French.
1787 - The U.S. Congress, under the Articles of Confederation, enacted the Northwest Ordinance, which established the rules for governing the Northwest Territory, for admitting new states to the Union and limiting the expansion of slavery.
1832 - Henry Schoolcraft discovered the source of the Mississippi River in Minnesota.
1863 - Opponents of the Civil War draft began three days of rioting in New York City, which resulted in more than 1,000 casualties.
1878 - The Congress of Berlin divided the Balkans among European powers. That solved everything.
1941 - Britain and the Soviet Union signed a mutual aid pact, that provided the means for Britain to send war material to the Soviet Union.
1954 - In Geneva, negotiations between several of the leading powers of the UN reached an accord on Indochina which divided Vietnam into two countries, North and South, along the 17th parallel.
1998 - "Image of an Assassination" went on sale. The video documentary is of Abraham Zapruder's home video of U.S. President Kennedy's assassination in Dallas.
1534 - The Ottoman armies captured Tabriz in northwestern Persia.
1585 - A group of 108 English colonists, led by Sir Richard Grenville, reached Roanoke Island in what is now North Carolina. The eventual fate of this colony and its settlers is one of the most enduring mysteries in American history.
1643 - In England, the Roundheads, led by Sir William Waller, were defeated by royalist troops under Lord Wilmot in the Battle of Roundway Down.
1754 - At the beginning of the French and Indian War, George Washington surrendered the small, circular Fort Necessity in southwestern Pennsylvania to the French.
1787 - The U.S. Congress, under the Articles of Confederation, enacted the Northwest Ordinance, which established the rules for governing the Northwest Territory, for admitting new states to the Union and limiting the expansion of slavery.
1832 - Henry Schoolcraft discovered the source of the Mississippi River in Minnesota.
1863 - Opponents of the Civil War draft began three days of rioting in New York City, which resulted in more than 1,000 casualties.
1878 - The Congress of Berlin divided the Balkans among European powers. That solved everything.
1941 - Britain and the Soviet Union signed a mutual aid pact, that provided the means for Britain to send war material to the Soviet Union.
1954 - In Geneva, negotiations between several of the leading powers of the UN reached an accord on Indochina which divided Vietnam into two countries, North and South, along the 17th parallel.
1998 - "Image of an Assassination" went on sale. The video documentary is of Abraham Zapruder's home video of U.S. President Kennedy's assassination in Dallas.
Re: Today in History!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
NOTE: This is history for 14 July.
1430 - Joan of Arc, taken prisoner by the Burgundians in May, was handed over to Pierre Cauchon, the bishop of Beauvais.
1456 - Hungarians defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Belgrade.
1789 - Bastille Day - the French Revolution begins with the fall of the Bastille Prison. While the taking of this fortress prison by the Paris mob is symbolically significant there were only seven prisoners in residence at the time.
1798 - The U.S. Congress passed the Sedition Act. The act made it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the U.S. government.
1868 - Alvin J. Fellows patented the tape measure.
1891 - The primacy of Thomas Edison's lamp patents was upheld in the court decision Electric Light Company vs. U.S. Electric Lighting Company.
1900 - Forces of the Eight Nation Alliance retook Tientsin, China, from the Boxers and the Chinese Army .
1911 - Harry N. Atwood landed an airplane on the lawn of the White House to accept an award from U.S. President William Taft.
1914 - Robert H. Goddard patented liquid rocket-fuel.
1933 - All German political parties except the Nazi Party were outlawed.
1941 - Vichy French Foreign Legionaries signed an armistice in Damascus, which allowed them to join the Free French Foreign Legion.
1941 - 6,000 Lithuanian Jews are murdered at the Viszalsyan Death Camp.
1945 - American battleships and cruisers bombarded the Japanese home islands for the first time.
1958 - The army of Iraq overthrew the monarchy.
1965 - The American space probe Mariner 4 flew by Mars, and sent back photographs of the planet.
2001 - Beijing was awarded the 2008 Olympics. It was the first time that the China had been awarded the games.
1430 - Joan of Arc, taken prisoner by the Burgundians in May, was handed over to Pierre Cauchon, the bishop of Beauvais.
1456 - Hungarians defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Belgrade.
1789 - Bastille Day - the French Revolution begins with the fall of the Bastille Prison. While the taking of this fortress prison by the Paris mob is symbolically significant there were only seven prisoners in residence at the time.
1798 - The U.S. Congress passed the Sedition Act. The act made it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the U.S. government.
1868 - Alvin J. Fellows patented the tape measure.
1891 - The primacy of Thomas Edison's lamp patents was upheld in the court decision Electric Light Company vs. U.S. Electric Lighting Company.
1900 - Forces of the Eight Nation Alliance retook Tientsin, China, from the Boxers and the Chinese Army .
1911 - Harry N. Atwood landed an airplane on the lawn of the White House to accept an award from U.S. President William Taft.
1914 - Robert H. Goddard patented liquid rocket-fuel.
1933 - All German political parties except the Nazi Party were outlawed.
1941 - Vichy French Foreign Legionaries signed an armistice in Damascus, which allowed them to join the Free French Foreign Legion.
1941 - 6,000 Lithuanian Jews are murdered at the Viszalsyan Death Camp.
1945 - American battleships and cruisers bombarded the Japanese home islands for the first time.
1958 - The army of Iraq overthrew the monarchy.
1965 - The American space probe Mariner 4 flew by Mars, and sent back photographs of the planet.
2001 - Beijing was awarded the 2008 Olympics. It was the first time that the China had been awarded the games.
Re: Today in History!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
NOTE: This is history for 15 July
1099 - Jerusalem fell to the Crusaders.
1381 - John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, is hung, drawn and quartered in the presence of Richard II of England.
1410 - Battle of Grunwald (First Battle of Tannenburg, Battle of Žalgiris), one of Medieval Europe's largest battles during Poland-Lithuanian Teutonic War. Polish King Władysław Jagiełło and Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas defeat Teutonic Order leader Ulrich von Jungingen.
1789 - The electors of Paris set up a "Commune" to live without the authority of the government.
1799 - The Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard during Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign.
1806 - Lieutenant Zebulon Pike began his western expedition from Fort Belle Fountaine, near St. Louis, MO.
1813 - Napoleon Bonaparte's representatives met with the Allies in Prague to discuss peace terms.
1870 - Georgia became the last of the Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
1895 - Ex-prime minister of Bulgaria, Stephen Stambulov, was murdered by Macedonian rebels.
1901 - Over 74,000 Pittsburgh steel workers went on strike.
1916 - In Seattle, WA, Pacific Aero Products was incorporated by William Boeing. The company was later renamed Boeing Co. From small beginnings.
1918 - The Second Battle of the Marne began during World War I.
1942 - The first supply flight from India to China over the 'Hump' was carried to help China's war effort.
1958 - Five thousand U.S. Marines landed in Beirut, Lebanon, to protect the pro-Western government. The troops withdrew October 25, 1958.
1965 - The spacecraft Mariner IV sent back the first close-up pictures of the planet Mars.
1968 - Commercial air travel began between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R., when the first plane, a Soviet Aeroflot jet, landed at Kennedy International Airport in New York.
1971 - U.S. President Nixon announced he would visit the People's Republic of China to seek a "normalization of relations."
1972 - NASA's Pioneer 10 spacecraft became the first to enter the asteroid belt.
1099 - Jerusalem fell to the Crusaders.
1381 - John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, is hung, drawn and quartered in the presence of Richard II of England.
1410 - Battle of Grunwald (First Battle of Tannenburg, Battle of Žalgiris), one of Medieval Europe's largest battles during Poland-Lithuanian Teutonic War. Polish King Władysław Jagiełło and Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas defeat Teutonic Order leader Ulrich von Jungingen.
1789 - The electors of Paris set up a "Commune" to live without the authority of the government.
1799 - The Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard during Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign.
1806 - Lieutenant Zebulon Pike began his western expedition from Fort Belle Fountaine, near St. Louis, MO.
1813 - Napoleon Bonaparte's representatives met with the Allies in Prague to discuss peace terms.
1870 - Georgia became the last of the Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
1895 - Ex-prime minister of Bulgaria, Stephen Stambulov, was murdered by Macedonian rebels.
1901 - Over 74,000 Pittsburgh steel workers went on strike.
1916 - In Seattle, WA, Pacific Aero Products was incorporated by William Boeing. The company was later renamed Boeing Co. From small beginnings.
1918 - The Second Battle of the Marne began during World War I.
1942 - The first supply flight from India to China over the 'Hump' was carried to help China's war effort.
1958 - Five thousand U.S. Marines landed in Beirut, Lebanon, to protect the pro-Western government. The troops withdrew October 25, 1958.
1965 - The spacecraft Mariner IV sent back the first close-up pictures of the planet Mars.
1968 - Commercial air travel began between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R., when the first plane, a Soviet Aeroflot jet, landed at Kennedy International Airport in New York.
1971 - U.S. President Nixon announced he would visit the People's Republic of China to seek a "normalization of relations."
1972 - NASA's Pioneer 10 spacecraft became the first to enter the asteroid belt.
Re: Today in History!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
NOTE: History for 16 July.
622 - Muslim Era begins when Muhammad begins flight from Mecca to Medina.
1054 - Three Roman legates fracture relations between Western and Eastern Christian churches by placing invalid Papal Bull of Excommunication on altar of Hagia Sophia during liturgy. Often dated start of the East-West Schism.
1519 - Public debate between Martin Luther and theologian Johann Eck at Pleissenburg Castle in Liepzig, during which Luther denies the divine right of the Pope.
1774 - Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed the treaty of Kuchuk-Kainardji, ending their six-year war.
1779 - American troops under General Anthony Wayne captured Stony Point, NY.
1790 - The District of Columbia, or Washington, DC, was established as the permanent seat of the United States Government.
1791 - Louis XVI was suspended from office until he agreed to ratify the constitution.
1862 - David G. Farragut became the first rear admiral in the U.S. Navy.
1912 - Bradley A Fiske patented the airplane torpedo.
1940 - Adolf Hitler ordered the preparations to begin on the invasion of England, known as Operation Sea Lion.
1942 - French police officers rounded up 13,000 Jews and held them in the Winter Velodrome. The round-up was part of an agreement between Pierre Laval and the Nazis. Germany had agreed to not deport French Jews if France arrested foreign Jews.
1944 - Soviet troops occupied Vilna, Lithuania, in their drive toward Germany.
1945 - The United States detonated the first atomic bomb in a test at Alamogordo, NM.
1951 - J.D. Salinger's novel "The Catcher in the Rye" was first published.
1957 - Marine Major John Glenn set a transcontinental speed record when he flew a jet from California to New York in 3 hours, 23 minutes and 8 seconds.
1969 - Apollo 11 lifted off from Cape Kennedy, FL, and began the first manned mission to land on the moon.
1973 - Alexander P. Butterfield informed the Senate committee investigating the Watergate affair of the existence of recorded tapes.
1979 - Saddam Hussein became president of Iraq after forcing Hasan al-Bakr to resign.
2011 - The NASA space probe Dawn entered Vesta orbit.
622 - Muslim Era begins when Muhammad begins flight from Mecca to Medina.
1054 - Three Roman legates fracture relations between Western and Eastern Christian churches by placing invalid Papal Bull of Excommunication on altar of Hagia Sophia during liturgy. Often dated start of the East-West Schism.
1519 - Public debate between Martin Luther and theologian Johann Eck at Pleissenburg Castle in Liepzig, during which Luther denies the divine right of the Pope.
1774 - Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed the treaty of Kuchuk-Kainardji, ending their six-year war.
1779 - American troops under General Anthony Wayne captured Stony Point, NY.
1790 - The District of Columbia, or Washington, DC, was established as the permanent seat of the United States Government.
1791 - Louis XVI was suspended from office until he agreed to ratify the constitution.
1862 - David G. Farragut became the first rear admiral in the U.S. Navy.
1912 - Bradley A Fiske patented the airplane torpedo.
1940 - Adolf Hitler ordered the preparations to begin on the invasion of England, known as Operation Sea Lion.
1942 - French police officers rounded up 13,000 Jews and held them in the Winter Velodrome. The round-up was part of an agreement between Pierre Laval and the Nazis. Germany had agreed to not deport French Jews if France arrested foreign Jews.
1944 - Soviet troops occupied Vilna, Lithuania, in their drive toward Germany.
1945 - The United States detonated the first atomic bomb in a test at Alamogordo, NM.
1951 - J.D. Salinger's novel "The Catcher in the Rye" was first published.
1957 - Marine Major John Glenn set a transcontinental speed record when he flew a jet from California to New York in 3 hours, 23 minutes and 8 seconds.
1969 - Apollo 11 lifted off from Cape Kennedy, FL, and began the first manned mission to land on the moon.
1973 - Alexander P. Butterfield informed the Senate committee investigating the Watergate affair of the existence of recorded tapes.
1979 - Saddam Hussein became president of Iraq after forcing Hasan al-Bakr to resign.
2011 - The NASA space probe Dawn entered Vesta orbit.
Re: Today in History!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
NOTE: History for 17 July.
180 - Six inhabitants of Carthage, North Africa executed for being Christians. This is the earliest reference to Christianity in this part of the World.
1203 - Siege of Constantinople begins during the fourth Crusade, Crusaders aboad a Venetian fleet attack the city.
1212 - The Moslems were crushed in the Spanish crusade.
1453 - France defeated England at Castillon, France, which ended the 100 Years' War.
1762 - Catherine II becomes tsarina of Russia following the murder of Peter III.
1815 - Napoleon Bonaparte surrendered to the British at Rochefort, France.
1821 - Spain ceded Florida to the US.
1862 - National cemeteries were authorized by the U.S. government. This was necessitated in part by the sheer number of soldiers killed in the Civil War.
1866 - Authorization was given to build a tunnel beneath the Chicago River. The three-year project cost $512,709.
1898 - U.S. troops under General William R. Shafter took Santiago de Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
1917 - The British royal family adopted the Windsor name. This change was made from the Germanic "Saxe-Coburg-Gotha" to demonstrate the total British loyalty of the royal family.
1918 - The Romanov royal family and several of their retainers are executed by a Bolshevik firing squad in the basement of Ipatiev House (Also called "The House of Special Purpose" by the CHEKA), in Yekaterinburg, Siberia.
1936 - Spanish generals Francisco Franco and Emilio Mola lead a right-wing uprising, starting the Spanish Civil War.
1941 - Brigadier General Soervell directed Architect G. Edwin Bergstrom to have basic plans and architectural perspectives for an office building that could house 40,000 War Department employees on his desk by the following Monday morning. The building became known as the Pentagon.
1945 - U.S. President Truman, Soviet leader Josef Stalin and British Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill began meeting at Potsdam in the final Allied summit of World War II. During the meeting Stalin made the comment that "Hitler had escaped."
1946 - Chinese communists opened a drive against the Nationalist army on the Yangtze River.
1960 - Francis Gary Powers pled guilty to spying charges in a Moscow court after his U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union.
1975 - An Apollo spaceship docked with a Soyuz spacecraft in orbit. It was the first link up between the U.S. and Soviet Union.
1986 - The largest bankruptcy filing in U.S. history took place when LTV Corporation asked for court protection from more than 20,000 creditors. LTV Corp. had debts in excess of $4 billion.
1987 - Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North and rear Admiral John Poindexter begin testifying to Congress at the "Iran-Contra" hearings.
2014 - Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 is shot down over Eastern Ukraine by a Buk surface-to-air missile launched from pro-Russian separatist-controlled territory, killing all 283 passengers and 15 crew on board.
180 - Six inhabitants of Carthage, North Africa executed for being Christians. This is the earliest reference to Christianity in this part of the World.
1203 - Siege of Constantinople begins during the fourth Crusade, Crusaders aboad a Venetian fleet attack the city.
1212 - The Moslems were crushed in the Spanish crusade.
1453 - France defeated England at Castillon, France, which ended the 100 Years' War.
1762 - Catherine II becomes tsarina of Russia following the murder of Peter III.
1815 - Napoleon Bonaparte surrendered to the British at Rochefort, France.
1821 - Spain ceded Florida to the US.
1862 - National cemeteries were authorized by the U.S. government. This was necessitated in part by the sheer number of soldiers killed in the Civil War.
1866 - Authorization was given to build a tunnel beneath the Chicago River. The three-year project cost $512,709.
1898 - U.S. troops under General William R. Shafter took Santiago de Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
1917 - The British royal family adopted the Windsor name. This change was made from the Germanic "Saxe-Coburg-Gotha" to demonstrate the total British loyalty of the royal family.
1918 - The Romanov royal family and several of their retainers are executed by a Bolshevik firing squad in the basement of Ipatiev House (Also called "The House of Special Purpose" by the CHEKA), in Yekaterinburg, Siberia.
1936 - Spanish generals Francisco Franco and Emilio Mola lead a right-wing uprising, starting the Spanish Civil War.
1941 - Brigadier General Soervell directed Architect G. Edwin Bergstrom to have basic plans and architectural perspectives for an office building that could house 40,000 War Department employees on his desk by the following Monday morning. The building became known as the Pentagon.
1945 - U.S. President Truman, Soviet leader Josef Stalin and British Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill began meeting at Potsdam in the final Allied summit of World War II. During the meeting Stalin made the comment that "Hitler had escaped."
1946 - Chinese communists opened a drive against the Nationalist army on the Yangtze River.
1960 - Francis Gary Powers pled guilty to spying charges in a Moscow court after his U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union.
1975 - An Apollo spaceship docked with a Soyuz spacecraft in orbit. It was the first link up between the U.S. and Soviet Union.
1986 - The largest bankruptcy filing in U.S. history took place when LTV Corporation asked for court protection from more than 20,000 creditors. LTV Corp. had debts in excess of $4 billion.
1987 - Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North and rear Admiral John Poindexter begin testifying to Congress at the "Iran-Contra" hearings.
2014 - Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 is shot down over Eastern Ukraine by a Buk surface-to-air missile launched from pro-Russian separatist-controlled territory, killing all 283 passengers and 15 crew on board.
Re: Today in History!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
NOTE: History for 18 July.
64 - The Great Fire of Rome began. Nero did not fiddle while Rome burned, the fiddle or violin was not invented until the 16TH Century, in fact Nero was at his villa at Antium, some 35 miles from Rome. Though he immediately returned and began relief measures, people still didn’t trust him. Some even believed he had ordered the fire started, especially after he used land cleared by the fire to build his Golden Palace and its surrounding pleasure gardens. Nero himself blamed the Christians (then an obscure religious sect) for the fire, and had many arrested and executed. But while Nero may have been guilty of many things but fiddling while Rome burned belongs firmly in the category of popular legend rather than established truth.
1536 - The authority of the pope was declared void in England.
1789 - Robespierre, a deputy from Arras, France, decided to back the French Revolution.
1812 - Great Britain signed the Treaty of Orebro, making peace with Russia and Sweden.
1872 - The Ballot Act was passed in Great Britain, providing for secret election ballots.
1914 - US Army acquired six airplanes to form an aviation section under the control of the Signal Corps.
1925 - Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf (original title was the catchy "Four and a Half Years of Struggle Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice"). A bloviating title at the least. After Hitler assumed leadership he made sure that sales of his book continued by creating the custom of giving the book to newly wedded couples, for graduations, retirements, promotions, etc.
1932 - The U.S. and Canada signed a treaty to develop the St. Lawrence Seaway.
1935 - Ethiopian King Haile Selassie urged his countrymen to fight to the last man against the invading Italian army. It was a one sided fight with the Fascists using armored vehicles, air power, machine guns and poison gas against Ethiopian defenders many of whom were armed only with spears and swords.
1936 - The Spanish Civil War began as Gen. Francisco Franco led an uprising of army troops based in Spanish North Africa.
1942 - The German Me-262, the first jet-propelled aircraft to fly in combat, made its first flight.
1944 - U.S. troops captured Saint-Lo, France, ending the battle of the hedgerows. The terrain of the hedgerows made for difficult combat that stalled allied armor and made every hedgerow a place of potential ambush.
1944 - Hideki Tojo was removed as Japanese premier and war minister due to setbacks suffered by his country in World War II.
1947 - U.S. President Truman signed the Presidential Succession Act, which placed the Speaker of the House and the Senate President Pro Tempore next in the line of succession after the vice president.
1971 - New Zealand and Australia announced they would pull their troops out of Vietnam.
2012 - Kim Jong-un is officially appointed Supreme Leader of North Korea and given the rank of Marshal in the Korean People's Army. I understand that a nice hat came with the promotion.
2013 - Detroit, Michigan, files for bankruptcy, becoming the largest US municipal bankruptcy ever at $18.5 billion.
64 - The Great Fire of Rome began. Nero did not fiddle while Rome burned, the fiddle or violin was not invented until the 16TH Century, in fact Nero was at his villa at Antium, some 35 miles from Rome. Though he immediately returned and began relief measures, people still didn’t trust him. Some even believed he had ordered the fire started, especially after he used land cleared by the fire to build his Golden Palace and its surrounding pleasure gardens. Nero himself blamed the Christians (then an obscure religious sect) for the fire, and had many arrested and executed. But while Nero may have been guilty of many things but fiddling while Rome burned belongs firmly in the category of popular legend rather than established truth.
1536 - The authority of the pope was declared void in England.
1789 - Robespierre, a deputy from Arras, France, decided to back the French Revolution.
1812 - Great Britain signed the Treaty of Orebro, making peace with Russia and Sweden.
1872 - The Ballot Act was passed in Great Britain, providing for secret election ballots.
1914 - US Army acquired six airplanes to form an aviation section under the control of the Signal Corps.
1925 - Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf (original title was the catchy "Four and a Half Years of Struggle Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice"). A bloviating title at the least. After Hitler assumed leadership he made sure that sales of his book continued by creating the custom of giving the book to newly wedded couples, for graduations, retirements, promotions, etc.
1932 - The U.S. and Canada signed a treaty to develop the St. Lawrence Seaway.
1935 - Ethiopian King Haile Selassie urged his countrymen to fight to the last man against the invading Italian army. It was a one sided fight with the Fascists using armored vehicles, air power, machine guns and poison gas against Ethiopian defenders many of whom were armed only with spears and swords.
1936 - The Spanish Civil War began as Gen. Francisco Franco led an uprising of army troops based in Spanish North Africa.
1942 - The German Me-262, the first jet-propelled aircraft to fly in combat, made its first flight.
1944 - U.S. troops captured Saint-Lo, France, ending the battle of the hedgerows. The terrain of the hedgerows made for difficult combat that stalled allied armor and made every hedgerow a place of potential ambush.
1944 - Hideki Tojo was removed as Japanese premier and war minister due to setbacks suffered by his country in World War II.
1947 - U.S. President Truman signed the Presidential Succession Act, which placed the Speaker of the House and the Senate President Pro Tempore next in the line of succession after the vice president.
1971 - New Zealand and Australia announced they would pull their troops out of Vietnam.
2012 - Kim Jong-un is officially appointed Supreme Leader of North Korea and given the rank of Marshal in the Korean People's Army. I understand that a nice hat came with the promotion.
2013 - Detroit, Michigan, files for bankruptcy, becoming the largest US municipal bankruptcy ever at $18.5 billion.